Jazz

= = "Jazz - It Takes Passion To Make It Happen!" //Jessica Maiorano, Roberto Abazoski, Jhonas Dunakin, Davante Tagart//

This quarter of the year for freshmen, our African-American History teacher, Mr.Sherif, has assigned us group partners and a genre of music of music to study. Along with 3 events relating to African-American history that we summarized for you. There are 3 samples of jazz songs below too, one is old school, one is recent, and the third is also old school. We also added the musical structure of jazz below so you can recognize it.

**__Musical Structure: __**
 * Most jazz songs will have an introduction unless they start right into the melody.
 * Most jazz songs don’t have singers
 * Typical instruments: Saxophone, Clarinet, Flute, Vibraphone, Trumpet, Piano, Guitar, Banjo, Tuba, Double bass, Bass Guitar, Vocals, Trombone, Drum kit
 * Melody is played by horns if there is no singer. If there is no horns, there are pianos or guitars.
 * Other musicians have a certain role to play during the melody
 * You need a guitar or piano in a band to play chords
 * After the melody, musicians will start to improvise
 * The musicians are making their own melodies while the same chords are playing
 * Throughout the whole song, the drummer will lock in a beat by playing the same rhythm with the bass player, and also the drummer’s rhythm compliments what the soloist and the bassist are making.

Jazz has been played since the 1600’s and is still growing and other genres of music are starting to change jazz but jazz had its own history and people need to know what there doing to even put other music in it.

**__The Events:__** __** Integration of the military - **__

African Americans were never really accepted in the military by there white officers and fellow soldiers from 1900-Korean War. If African American soldiers were to be in the military they would be put in segregated unites known as United States Colored Troops Regiments. During the final wars against the indians in the west the US army created units which were the 9th Cavalry Regiment, the 10th Cavalry Regement, the 24th Infantry Regiment, and the 25th Infantry Regiment. During the campaign against the indians the indians gave the name of the unites which were the buffalo soldiers. Many historians disagree on how the unites received the name buffalo soldiers. Some believe it was there fighting style, there curly hair, how the soldiers could withstand many attacks stabs and bullets like a buffalo. During World War 1 blacks weren't sent over seas to fight in europe. Elite picked black soldiers were chosen to fight with some unites which were white. During World War 2 blacks were not allowed to fight over seas but some were chosen to fight in Japan. In 1944 the Americans were short soldier for the Italian campaign and Japanese campagin. Blacks were allowed to fight over seas. The 9th and 10th Cavalry devisions were disolved into the 93rd Infantry division. the 25th Infantry Division disolved into the 24th Infantry Division which created the buffalo soldiers unite. All these soldiers graduated top of there class and were considered one of the best Companies in World War 2. The Korean War was the last time when there would be segregated unites. In 1951 the buffalo soldier disolved into white unites creating the first integrated American military.

__** Scottsboro Trials - **__

During the Great Depression of the 1930s, on a train that was stopped at Scottsboro, Alabama two groups of men, one black and the other white. They were on that train because they were all hoboing on it to find a job at the next town it passed through. The group of black men are “The Scottsboro Boys”. They were all riding a train when a fight broke out between the 2 groups of men. The Scottsboro Boys men won and threw the white men off the train. Then the white men reported this and the police stopped the train and arrested everyone. The two white women were going to be in trouble because they were both prostitutes and one of them was a minor, which was illegal for the older woman because it is a federal crime to take a minor across state lines for prostitution. So to get away with this, the two women accused the black men of raping them. These boys were sentenced to death on the first trial, but they were all tried again several more times. They all died except for one Scottsboro boy, Clarence Norris, after 30 years because the governor of Alabama thought the trials were unfair so he pardoned him in the middle of his sentence. This is an important event because of the racism in the 1930s from the justice system being unfair towards the Scottsboro Boys race. Since they weren’t given a decent lawyer. Also, because the normal response of a white accuser, accusing a black person or people would be lynching (hanging someone for a crime that they were suspected of.

__** Brown vs. Education - **__

Brown vs. board of education lawsuit was started in 1951.Brown vs. education it’s about how blacks are separated from the whites when it comes to school. All the African Americans went to one school and al the white people went to a different school. So this man Oliver Brown wanted his daughter to go to an all white school because the school she went to did not have all the right supplies and there was a lot of people in each classroom but they did not let her attend. He filed a lawsuit against the board of education but that didn’t help so he went to the NAACP. They lost that case so that took it to the United States Supreme count. The Supreme Court has cases similar to this so they started up on it in the states of South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware. After 3 years of fighting this on May 17th 1954 they said that it was unfair that they were separated. Some other states it took longer to join the schools.

media type="file" key="ross reel.mp3" width="240" height="20"
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-large; line-height: 48px;">The Music: __**

Song Name: Ross's Reel Artist:Eddie Ross Genre: Jazz Year Released: 1921

media type="file" key="Blue in Green by. Miles Davis.mp3" Song Name: Blue In Green Artist: Miles Davis Genre: Jazz Date Released: August 17, 1959

=<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 19px;">__**Amendments of The Jazz Era**__ = **Amendment XVI** //(Ratified February 3, 1913)// The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

** Amendment XVII  ** //(Ratified April 8, 1913)// The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

** Amendment XVIII  ** //(Ratified January 16, 1919. Repealed December 5, 1933 with the Ratification of [|Amendment XXI] )// __ Section 1  __ After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. __ Section 2  __ The Congress and all of the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. __ Section 3  __ This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

**Amendment XIX** //(Ratified August 18, 1920)// The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

**Amendment XX** //(Ratified January 23, 1933)// __ Section 1  __ The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin. __ Section 2  __ The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. __ Section 3  __ If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified. __ Section 4  __ The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them. __ Section 5  __ Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article. __ Section 6  __ This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission.

Amendment XXI
//(Ratified December 5, 1933)// __ Section 1  __ The [|eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States] is hereby repealed. __ Section 2  __ The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited. __ Section 3  __ The article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

Amendment XXII
//(Ratified February 27, 1951)// __ Section 1  __ No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President, when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term. __ Section 2  __ This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.

**Amendment XXIII** //(Ratified March 19, 1961)// __ Section 1  __ The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct: A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment. __ Section 2  __ The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

__** Bibliography: **__ "Jazz History-Jazz Education." //A Passion for Jazz!//. N.p., 1998-2011. Web. 26 May 2011. <http://www.apassion4jazz.net/>. "So You Wanna Learn About Jazz." Demand Media, 2010. Web. 26 May 2011. <http://www.soyouwanna.com/soyouwanna-learn-jazz-1581.html>. US Archives,. //Constitution of the United States//. Washington DC:, Web. 26 May 2011. <http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html>. National Park Service,. US Department of Interior.//Buffalo Soldiers//. Washington DC:, Web. 26 May 2011. <http://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/upload/sb-buffalo-2008.pdf>. "How to listen to jazz." //About//. About, 23/may/2011. Web. 23 May 2011. <http://guitar.about.com/library/weekly/aa040500b.htm>.